《唐人街》－澳洲华人的官方媒体
这篇文章原文是篇英文，由作者杨昶自己翻译成中文。（杨昶，32岁，澳大利亚，9月3日受邀参加中国大阅兵。现任澳大利亚湖北商会会长，维州澳华社区议会主席。曾担任维多利亚州现任州长安德鲁斯唯一华人顾问；2015中国国务院“世界华裔杰出青年”澳大利亚代表，在人民大会堂受到俞正声、杨洁篪等党和国家领导人接见；2015年4月，作为唯一获邀嘉宾，陪同澳大利亚影阁财长等五位国会议员访问中国
● 2015年1月，央视4套专访“我给议员当助理” （曾担任维多利亚州现任州长安德鲁斯的唯一华人顾问，负责中国事务及多元文化事务）；澳大利亚足协特聘“2015年亚洲杯”足球大使）。
九三阅兵，大国的血泪与光荣
杨昶 （作者⾃行翻译英文原⽂）
九三阅兵让全球⼗四亿五千万华人共同经历了一次光荣与泪⽔的洗礼，民族尊严与认同达到空前⾼涨。不过，有没有遗憾的地方？其实我们都清楚。不少西方国家领导人缺席，不少西方主流媒体的报道仍然冷漠、肤浅。我们在不在乎是⼀一回事，人家到底搞没搞清楚我们的历史与付出又是⼀回事。我们的实⼒与底气是到了，但是历史必须让⼈家搞清楚。你不清楚，我给你说清楚，你不写，我们提笔自己写。于右任先生说，“不容青史尽成灰”。这两天我用英文写了点一个普通中国⼈的感受，现在⾃己简单翻译一下，由于时间紧，词不达意之处请谅解。
⼆战结束后, 世界分为两大阵营, 东西⽅文化⾃身存在的差异由于长期的冷战而变本加厉，加上当今世界之地缘政治，都造成了二战期间中国战场牺牲之惨烈、贡献之伟⼤不为人所知。参加阅兵观礼前几天，我在澳大利亚墨尔本，与⼀个一直在北京创业的⽩人朋友有过一次微信上的对话，说到九三阅兵，他问我那是什么？我觉得他在北京待了那么久，都会打汉字了，居然不知道？于是告诉他这是在中国首都举行的最大规模的阅兵，旨在纪念抗日战争胜利70周年暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年。他的回答让我惊讶： “你不觉得这是一个讽刺吗？⽤阅兵这种形式来纪念反法西斯战争胜利？” 他的意思我懂。但是他懂不懂中国的历史和中国⼈的诉求？他的问题是西方对中国猜疑的一个缩影，但是他可能没有想到，阅兵不仅是中国政府的事，也是全世界华人包括六千万华侨都在乎的⼤事。
如今我在澳洲⽣活的时间已经超过在中国，我的名字是外婆起的，外婆是高中语⽂教师，深受家⼈和学生爱戴。外婆⼗四年前因癌症去世，未能与我们踏足澳洲。因为怀念，我把⽼人家在生命的最后时期写的书，带到了澳洲。书名叫《靖康悲歌》，而贯穿整本书的思想，是让后人永远不要忘记中华民族在⾯临外辱，在⼋年抗战时期的英勇牺牲。我的外公和爷爷，抗战时皆任职于国民党，两家人都在武汉。
四⼗六岁的⽜津大学终生教授 Rana Mitter 在他获得了《经济学人》年度书籍、《金融时报》年度书籍 -《被遗忘的盟友 －中日战争1937 －1945》一书中，描写二战期间，武汉⼈民遭受日军轰炸、屠戮，苦⽆生路。当时中国的难民有⼀一亿，占全国人⼜口百分之⼆十，而超过一千五百万中国人遭到杀害。1人类历史上规模最⼤的战争在中国的土地上打响，⽐纳粹德国入侵波兰还要早两年，这是事实。最终，中国与美国，英国，苏联结为四大盟国。中国的抗日战争，实际上也是一个历史上罕见的逆袭取胜的故事。法国在1940年就放弃了，中国还在抵抗，尽管跟先进的日军比起来，她的整个战争机器还是如此初级。“中国独自抵抗日军超过四年之久，直到珍珠港事件。中国政府往内陆撤退，一直退到了长江边的重庆，被后人形容为中国的敦刻尔克大撤退。”2 然而，中国军民在八年抗战中蒙受的屈辱、数千万的国⼈人遭受屠戮、中国人民连同海外华侨众志成城前赴后继的故事，在西⽅方却一直鲜有报道，真正成了“被遗忘的盟友”。全世界都看过美国导演伊斯特伍德的《硫磺岛家书》，有谁知道淞沪战役？在这个东方战场的“斯大林格勒保卫战”，中国军队以牺牲百分之六十精锐的代价，打破日军宣称的 “三个月灭亡中国！”3；有谁听过台儿庄？中国军人与强大的⽇军近⾝身肉搏，最终获胜；西方都熟知艾森豪威尔在二战几个关键时刻的所想所叹，又有多少人读到过对中国抗战将领如此有血有肉的描述？有⼏个人知道张⾃忠将军是盟军战死的最高级别的将领？英联邦国家耳熟能详的缅甸战役，孙⽴立人将军，刘放吾团长带领113团八百战斗人员冒死驰援被日军围困的七千英军、妇女、传教士及各国记者，并大胜⽇日军4。英王乔治六世授予孙将军英帝国司令勋章，撒切尔夫人会见刘团长并感谢中国远征军解救英军。其中，被解救的英缅甸军长斯利姆，日后成为了澳大利亚第⼗三任总督。
1 rana mitter, 《被遗忘的盟友，中⽇日战争 1937 －1945》
2 rana mitter, 《被遗忘的盟友，中⽇日战争 1937 －1945》
3 中央电视台，《⼀一⼨寸⼭山河⼀一⼨寸⾎血，8.13淞沪会战》
4 中央电视台，《碧⾎血丹⼼心孙⽴立⼈人》
在澳⼤利亚，资深内阁部长谭保是最早弄明⽩的人的之一。他明⽩中国苦难的历史构成了今天中国思维的的一部分，⽽而且也深刻影响了整个亚洲的地缘政治。在近期悉尼举⾏行的商务论坛上，他的主旨发言说: “当今人们看待澳中关系，往往只透过⼀面冷战思维的稜镜，其次看到的是中国的改⾰开放及其后续巨大的经济发展。我们可曾想过，如果当时中国共两党的领袖，像汪精卫一样选择与⽇本休战，日本就能够将其投向中国战场的兵⼒力，派往我们（盟国）的方向5。在我们两国为生存和主权而战的伟⼤斗争中，澳洲人和中国⼈都不要忘记，我们是盟友。中国人和美国⼈也应该牢记这一点。也许，在一切之上，在我们国家最黑暗的时刻，当敌人已经打到了家门⼜口，当我们的城市面临直接袭击的时刻，在我国历史上千钧⼀发的时刻，中国，是我们坚韧不拔，不屈不挠的盟友。”6 如果没有中国牵制日军主力、誓死不做傀儡政权，日本就有能力排遣更多部队挥军澳大利亚、乃⾄至西伯利亚，与希特勒形成合力，甚⾄至在西面战线摧毁苏军。
中国人，饱受百年屈辱。抗日战争，我们实际上面临了有史以来最悬殊的实⼒力差，⼏近亡国。中国军民，海外华侨，用生命铸成血脉长城，在这⽚古老的中⼟大地，⽣用时间，空间，和⽆数英灵的躯体，换来整个民族的生存权。单是海外华侨，当年义无反顾地投⾝到“⼗万青年⼗万军”，其捐献的资金就占了中国抗日军费的四分之三。抗战胜利70周年，也是中国作为盟国反法西斯胜利70周年，这是我们整个民族应得的骄傲，而阅兵是为纪念英烈、珍惜和平，列国不是都曾以军队典礼来纪念大战吗？美、英、法…这里就不赘述了。中国人秉持 “温良恭俭让” ，没有这么大规模的展示过，所以一件理所当然的事，才会招来些⼤惊小怪。有看法的人，认为阅兵只是尚武、是威慑的人，我只建议你，去问一问普通的中国⼈民，和⽣活在全世界的六千多万华侨，听一听普通Chinese的想法。
杨昶， ⼆零⼀五年九月三日于北京
5 rana mitter, 《被遗忘的盟友，中⽇战争 1937-1945》
6 malcolm turnbull, 《澳中商务论坛演讲》
An Overseas Chinese Perspective on Beijing’s V-Day Parade
A few days ago in Melbourne, Australia I had a little unexpected conversation on Wechat with a business contact of mine – a Caucasian lady who has been living in Beijing much longer than I ever did. She asked what is the 3rd September Parade. Finding it hard to believe that someone like her who writes Chinese and runs a startup in Beijing doesn’t know what the parade is, I said it is the largest military parade ever to be staged in China’s capital, to commemorate the 70th Anniversary of Victory of Chinese People’s Resistance against Japanese Aggression and World
Anti-Fascist War. What she replied surprised me, “don’t you think it is an irony, to have a military parade for such a purpose?” I knew what she meant. But does she know what the parade means for China, and more importantly, for Chinese worldwide? Let me share a little personal account because I believe understanding comes from listening.
After experiencing the V-Day parade firsthand with thousands from 200 countries
and witnessing an unprecedented online outpour of family stories and images related to World War II, I can honestly say the parade is as much about all Chinese people including 60 million overseas Chinese, as it is about the Chinese Government.
I have now lived in Australia longer than in China. My Chinese name was give by grandmother on my mother’s side. Grandma was a high school Chinese teacher loved and respected by her family and students. Died of cancer fourteen years ago, she was never able to visit Australia. In memory of grandma, I brought with me the book she wrote in her last days, real stories of ordinary families at wartime that inspire future generations to remember the heroic sacrifices of Chinese people resisting Japanese invasion in World War II. My grandfathers on both sides have served in the Nationalists Army against Japan. I still remember grandma talking to me in tears about her hometown Wuhan being bombed by Japanese troops and how her large family became refugees.
The Economist Book of the Year and Financial Times Book of the Year, Forgotten Ally: China’s World War II 1937-1945 by Oxford professor Rana Mitter describes wartime Wuhan: Chinese people, suffering the Japanese onslaught without a ticket out, longed to be anywhere but Hankow (the port of Wuhan). Up to 100 million people (20 percent of China’s population) became refugees during the war. More than 15 million were killed. 1
1 Rana Mitter, Forgotten Ally: China’s World War II 1937-1945
It is a fact that the largest war in human history started in China, two years before Nazi Germany invaded Poland. Eventually, China became the fourth great ally, partner to the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union. China’s war against Japan is also an unprecedented story, pure and simple, of great resistance against massive odds. France capitulated in 1940, but China fought on, with almost primitive war machine compared to a much more superior Japanese army. For more than four years, the Chinese resisted the Japanese almost alone, until Pearl Harbour. Its government retreated inland, up the Yangtzi river to Chongqing (Chungking)—a moment that would later be described as China’s Dunkirk. 2 Yet the drama
of humiliation during the eight-year-resistance, the slaughter of tens of millions of Chinese, the resilience of Chinese soldiers, citizens and millions of overseas Chinese remains little known in the West, making it the forgotten ally of World War II. We have all seen Clint Eastwood’s Iwo Jima, but who in the West has heard of the Battle of Shanghai, dubbed Battle of Stalingrad in the Pacific War where Japanese army’s ambition of “Occupying China in Three Months” suffered a major halt. The cost? Chinese lost nearly sixty percent of its elite force. 3 And do people know Taierzhuang, where Chinese soldiers defeated superior Japanese troops in
hand-to-hand combat, after their bullets had run out? The world is familiar with what Dwight Eisenhower thought at key moments of the second world war, but how many have heard of General Zhang Zizhong, highest-ranked Allied officer killed in battle?
In the Burma Campaign best remembered by the Commonwealth countries, Chinese General Sun Li-jen led his 113th regiment with only 800 combat soldiers in a daring rescue mission for an entire British division. Sun defeated the Japanese army and rescued 7000 British forces, among them women, American missionaries and journalists. King George VI rewarded General Sun with the Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Madam Thatcher met with Sun’s deputy Liu Wufang in 1992 to express gratitude for saving British soldiers. 1st Viscount Slim who was among the rescued later became Australia’s 13th Governor General.
In Australia, senior Cabinet Minister Malcolm Turnbull is amongst the first to appreciate the Chinese struggle and a history that still shapes not only Chinese thinking today but also Asia’s geopolitical landscape. At a recent business forum in Sydney, Minister Turnbull stated that there is a tendency to see the sweep of Chinese Australian history solely through the prism of the cold war and then the opening up of China and the economic development that followed.4 Had China’s
2 Rana Mitter, Forgotten Ally: China’s World War II 1937-1945
3 Battle of Shanghai, warhistoryonline.com
4 Malcolm Turnbull, Speech to Australia China Business Forum
leaders, Chiang Kai Shek of the Nationalists and Mao Ze Dong of the Communist Party, chosen to reach an armistice with the Japanese, as Wang Jingwei chose to do, Japan would have been able to redeploy its armies in China in our direction.5 If
not for China to hold off the majority of the Japanese troops, Japan would have been able to deploy more resources to Australia, even to Siberia and join forces with Nazi Germany. The Soviet Union could have been smashed at the Western front by such combined military might.
Modern Chinese history is marked by an endless stretch of darkness and
humiliation. The Sino-Japan war was between a China at its weakest in history and a Japan at its strongest. At the infamous Nanking Massacre by Japanese troops, a senior Chinese official Zhou Fohai wrote in his dairy of the the panic and fear consuming the city: “ China will have no more history.” Above all, at that tipping point in our history, Chinese all around the world mobilised themselves to save an ancient Middle Kingdom they call motherland. Donations by overseas Chinese accounted for three quarter of the whole Chinese military expenditure at the war. Tens of thousands of overseas Chinese volunteered to serve in the army, most notably in the China- Burma-India theatre protecting China’s only lifeline, the Burma Road. Naturally, Beijing’s V-Day parade which China had never organised before in such scale, is seen by millions of Chinese around the world as the right move to commemorate
their fallen and to remember the peace hard fought by their forefathers. At the parade, a Jamaican American who is one-eighth Chinese sat next to me, he was very excited as it was his first trip to China with his mother, who told me his grandfather three generations ago started the Red Cross in China’s Guizhou province. Another one next to me was a Chinese American lady in her sixties who has lived in New York all her life. As the parade started with a salute to the veterans, she started crying. Asked why, she said, “I miss my dad.”
mike yang
3 September 2015, Beijing
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